
Production batches range from one piece to large-scale production.
We mostly produce springs based on customer drawings, but we can also advise you with development of new springs and help you come up with the best solution.
At the customer’s request we can equip each shipment with a measurement sheet containing the required data (F1, F2, cp, cpk…).
Wire diameter: from 0.35 to 3.5 mm
Spring shapes: cylindrical, conical, barrel and double torsion springs or special shapes
Leg shapes: straight legs (shape 1), bent outwards (shape 2), bent alongside the body of the spring (shape 3), bent towards the centre (shape 4), special shapes in line with customer requirements.
Materials: patented spring wires (EN 10270-1), oil-hardened spring wires (EN 10270-2), non-corrodible spring wires (EN10270-3), zinc-coated spring wires, conducting wires (CuSn) etc.
The list of materials can be seen here.
Additional treatment: micro-forging
Surface treatment: phosphatizing, bluing, zinc-coating, nickel-coating, passivation, powder-coating, application of special anti-corrosion or anti-slip coating etc.
d | [mm] | wire diameter | a0 | (°) | angle between the legs of an unloaded spring |
De | [mm] | external diameter of the spring | a1 | (°) | angle between the legs of a pre-stressed spring |
D | [mm] | middle diameter of the spring | a2 | (°) | angle between the legs of an unloaded spring |
Di | [mm] | internal diameter of the spring | an | (°) | maximum permissible angle between the spring legs |
Lk | [mm] | length of the body of an unloaded spring | |||
Is1 | [mm] | length of 1 spring leg | M1 | (Nmm) | spring moment at angle a1 (pre-stressed spring) |
Is2 | [mm] | length of 2 spring leg | M2 | (Nmm) | spring moment at angle a2 (loaded spring) |
and | (Nmm) | maximum permissible spring moment | |||
n | number of coils | ||||
R | (Nmm/°) | spring characteristic | Dd | [mm] | diameter of the leading mandrel |
m | [mm] | spacing between the coils (step) | Dh | [mm] | diameter of the leading casing |
Torsion Spring Shapes

Shape 1 – Straight legs

Shape 2
Bent outwards

Shape 3
Bent alongside the body of the spring

Shape 4
Bent towards the centre
Torsion Spring Leg Positions

a0=0°
n=..,00 (0°)

a0=90°
n=..,25 (90°)

a0=180°
n=..,50 (180°)

a0=270°
n=..,75 (270°)
Torsion Spring Samples






